Industry Orientation of China's New Materials Industry Segments

01Performance of metal matrix composites

Compared with traditional metal materials, MMC has higher specific strength, specific stiffness and wear resistance; compared with resin-based composite materials, MMC has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good high-temperature performance, and can be welded; compared with ceramic-based composite materials Compared with other materials, MMC has the characteristics of high toughness, high impact performance, and small linear expansion coefficient. Practical MMC should exhibit low density and mechanical properties comparable to current engineering materials.

The excellent properties of metal matrix composites are multifaceted. The reinforcements greatly increase the yield strength and tensile strength of MMC . MMC has good high temperature properties, such as high creep resistance. This is particularly prominent in long fiber reinforced MMC . After adding different reinforcements to the metal matrix, the wear resistance of the material is greatly improved, and the wear rate can be reduced by an order of magnitude. The density of the reinforcement added to MMC is low, so the density of the material can be significantly reduced. Utilizing the linear expansion coefficient of ceramics and using it as a reinforcement, it can be used to adjust the linear expansion coefficient of MMC to obtain composite materials that match a variety of materials.

The performance of metal matrix composites is not only related to the composition, morphology, volume fraction and matrix alloy composition of the reinforcement material, but also closely related to the interface structure, which is related to the preparation process, reinforcement surface treatment process, etc. According to different reinforcement principles, metal matrix composite materials can be divided into two categories: continuous fiber reinforcement and discontinuous reinforcement.

1Long  fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

In continuously reinforced metal matrix composite materials, the reinforcing fibers mainly include boron fiber, carbon fiber (graphite fiber), SiC fiber, Al2O3 fiber, etc., and the matrix mainly includes aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper, nickel and their alloys. The properties of several typical continuously reinforced metal matrix composite materials are shown in Table 2 . It can be seen that the properties of fiber continuous reinforced composite materials are anisotropic, with the longitudinal direction being significantly higher than the transverse direction; the longitudinal strength and modulus of the composite materials are significantly higher than those of the matrix alloy. In addition, many data show that the fatigue resistance of continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites with tensile loads along the fiber direction (longitudinal) is better than that of unreinforced matrix alloys, so that the fatigue limit can generally be doubled. The creep resistance of alloys can often be greatly improved by the addition of continuous fibers. A typical example in this regard is the application of silicon carbide continuous fiber reinforced titanium matrix composites in aviation turbine engines to make up for the low creep resistance of titanium alloys. Due to the addition of low-expansion fibers, the linear expansion coefficient of composite materials is significantly reduced. A typical example is the application of Gr/Mg in the Hubble Space Telescope antenna support rod, which maintains dimensional stability under repeated exposure to sunlight.

2Short  fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

The reinforcement effect of short fibers is between that of particles and continuous fibers. Since the performance of short fibers is significantly lower than that of whiskers and their size is significantly larger than that of whiskers, the reinforcing effect of short fibers is not as good as that of whiskers. The preparation methods of short fiber reinforced metal matrix composites mainly include powder metallurgy, pressure impregnation, extrusion casting, etc.

Short fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites are currently the most studied. The room temperature tensile strength of alumina short fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites is not significantly improved compared with the matrix alloy (Table 3 ), but their high temperature strength retention rate is significantly better than that of the matrix, and the elastic modulus is higher at room temperature and high temperature. The thermal expansion coefficient is greatly improved (Table 4 ), and the wear resistance is improved.

In addition, the Al2O3 short fiber reinforced zinc-based composite material prepared by the squeeze casting method has obvious strengthening effects, and its high-temperature mechanical properties and wear resistance have been significantly improved. The performance of unreinforced magnesium alloys decreases significantly above 100-150°C . Adding reinforcements can significantly improve the high-temperature properties of the base alloy.

3  Whisker reinforced metal matrix composites

The earliest experiments on whisker-reinforced metals used Al2O3 whiskers, but due to their high cost and difficulty in uniformly distributing the whiskers in the metal matrix, they did not develop rapidly. However, the addition of cheap SiC whiskers has significantly improved the elastic modulus and strength of composite materials, leading to the development of whisker-reinforced metal research. The matrix used for reinforcement is mainly Al , Mg and their alloys.

① Whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite material

The properties of SiCw/Al composite materials are shown in Table 6 and Table 7. The relationship between the strength of SiCw/Al composite materials and SiCw volume fraction is shown in Figure 6. The relationship between the strength, elastic modulus and temperature of SiCw/2024Al composite materials is shown in Figures 7 and 7. Figure 8 . It can be seen that compared with the matrix alloy, the strength and modulus of the composite material are significantly improved, and the high temperature performance is excellent, but the density is slightly increased. The strength of composite materials increases with the increase in the volume fraction of whiskers, and its performance is also closely related to the preparation process methods and parameters.

②Whisker -reinforced magnesium-based composite materials

The properties of SiCw/Mg composite materials are shown in Table 8 . compared to the base alloy. The tensile strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus of SiCw/Mg composite materials are greatly improved, so that the composite materials have higher specific strength and specific modulus.

02Characteristics of metal matrix composites

The performance of metal matrix composite materials depends on the characteristics, content, distribution, etc. of the selected metal or alloy matrix and reinforcement. Through optimized combination, not only can the base metal or alloy have good thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, harsh environment resistance, impact resistance, fatigue resistance and fracture performance, but also high strength, high stiffness, excellent wear resistance and Lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) . The characteristics of metal matrix composite materials are comprehensively summarized as follows.

1High specific strength and high specific modulus

Due to the addition of appropriate amounts of high-strength, high-modulus, low-density fibers, whiskers, particles and other reinforcements into the metal matrix, the specific strength and specific modulus of the composite material are significantly improved, especially the high-performance continuous fiber - boron Reinforcements such as fiber, carbon (graphite) fiber, and silicon carbide fiber have high strength and modulus. The maximum strength of carbon fiber with a density of only 1.85g/cm3 can reach 7000MPa , which is more than 10 times stronger than aluminum alloy . The modulus of graphite fiber is 230-830GPa . The density of boron fiber is 2.4-2.6g/cm3 , the strength is 2300-8000MPa , and the modulus is 350-450GPa . The density of silicon carbide fiber is 2.5-3.4g/cm3 , the strength is 3000-4500MPa , and the modulus is 350-450GPa . Adding 30%-50% of high-performance fibers as the main carrier of the composite material, the specific strength and specific modulus of the composite material are exponentially higher than those of the matrix alloy. Figure 2 shows a typical comparison of the properties of metal matrix composites and matrix alloys. Components made of high specific strength and high specific modulus composite materials are light in weight, good in rigidity and high in strength. They are ideal structural materials in the fields of aerospace and aviation technology.

2. Small thermal expansion coefficient and good dimensional stability

The reinforcements carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber, whiskers, particles, boron fibers, etc. used in metal matrix composite materials have both a small thermal expansion coefficient and a high modulus, especially high modulus and ultra-high modulus. Graphite fibers have a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. Adding a considerable amount of reinforcement not only greatly increases the strength and modulus of the material, but also significantly reduces the thermal expansion coefficient. Different thermal expansion coefficients can be obtained by adjusting the content of the reinforcement to meet the requirements of various working conditions. For example, graphite fiber reinforced magnesium-based composite materials, when the volume fraction of graphite fibers reaches 48 %, the thermal expansion coefficient of the composite material is zero, that is, parts made of this composite material do not undergo thermal deformation when the temperature changes, which is very important for Satellite components are particularly important. By selecting different matrix metals and reinforcements and combining them in a certain ratio, a metal matrix composite material with good thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient and good dimensional stability can be obtained. Figure 3 shows the dimensional stability and specific modulus of some typical metal matrix composites and metallic materials. It can be seen that graphite/magnesium composite materials have the highest dimensional stability and the highest specific modulus.

3Good high temperature performance

Since the high-temperature performance of the metal matrix is ​​much higher than that of polymers, reinforcing fibers, whiskers, and particles all have high high-temperature strength and modulus at high temperatures. Therefore, metal matrix composites have higher high temperature properties than the matrix metal, especially continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites. In composite materials, fibers play a major loaAs one of the ten key areas proposed by the "Made in China 2025" manufacturing power strategy, the new materials industry assumes important missions such as leading the upgrading of the materials industry, supporting the development of strategic emerging industries, and ensuring the construction of the national economy and national defense industry.

1. Development characteristics and trends of foreign new materials industry

(1) Development status of new materials industries in various countries

The development level of the new materials industry has become an important indicator of a country's economic and social development, scientific and technological progress and national defense strength. Therefore, countries around the world have formulated corresponding plans in the field of new materials and strive to seize the commanding heights of the new materials industry.

At present, developed countries still occupy a leading position in the international new materials industry. The world's leading new material companies are mainly concentrated in the United States, Europe and Japan. Among them, six companies in Japan, the United States and Germany account for more than 70% of the global carbon fiber production capacity. Five companies in the United States account for more than 90% of the world's 12-inch wafer production, and three Japanese companies account for more than 90% of the world's LCD backlight luminescent material production.

Related development plans in the field of new materials in various countries around the world

(2) Development trends of new materials industries in various countries

1. The development of high and new technologies promotes the continuous upgrading of materials.

The rapid development of high and new technologies poses new challenges and demands for key basic materials. At the same time, the upgrading of materials promotes the industrialization of high-tech achievements.

For example, the integration level and information processing speed of microelectronic chips have been greatly improved, and costs have been continuously reduced, and silicon materials have played an important role; the development of emerging industries such as gallium nitride and other compound semiconductor materials has given rise to semiconductor lighting technology; the light efficiency of LED lights has given rise to lighting The industry has brought revolutionary changes; the conversion efficiency of solar cells has continued to improve, which has greatly promoted the development of the new energy industry. Breakthroughs have been made in the processing technology of high-performance structural materials such as magnesium and titanium alloys, and costs have been continuously reduced. The focus of research and application has expanded from aviation, aerospace and military industry to high value-added civilian fields.

2. Green and low-carbon have become important trends in the development of new materials

The rise of the new energy industry has spurred the development of upstream industries such as wind turbine manufacturing, photovoltaic modules, polysilicon and a series of manufacturing and resource processing industries, and promoted the development and production of transportation and terminal products such as smart grids and electric vehicles.

Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have passed legislation to promote the development of energy-saving buildings and photovoltaic power generation buildings. Functional materials are developing in the direction of miniaturization, multi-function, modular integration, intelligence, etc. to improve the performance of materials; the integration of nanotechnology and advanced manufacturing technology Fusion will produce products that are smaller, more integrated, more intelligent, and have better functions. Green, low-carbon new material technology and industrialization will become the main direction of future development.

3. Multinational groups still occupy a dominant position in the new materials industry

At present, world-famous enterprise groups continue to expand into the field of new materials by virtue of their advantages in technology research and development, capital and talents, and occupy a dominant position in high value-added new material products.

Unimin almost monopolizes 4N8 and above high-end quartz sand products in the international market; Shin-Etsu, SUMCO, Siltronic, SunEdison and other companies account for more than 80% of the international semiconductor silicon material market share. More than 90% of the semi-insulating gallium arsenide market is occupied by Japan's Hitachi Electric, Sumitomo Electric, Mitsubishi Chemical and Germany's FCM.

Seven companies, including DuPont, Daikin, Hoechst, 3M, Ausimont, ATO and ICI, own 90% of the world's organic fluorine material production capacity. The silicon carbide substrate preparation technology of the American company Cree has strong market competitiveness. The American Lumileds company controlled by Philips leads the world in power white light LEDs. Companies in the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries own 70% of LEDs. Core patents for epitaxial growth and chip preparation.

The manufacturing of small-tow carbon fiber is basically monopolized by Toray Fiber Company, Toho Company, Mitsubishi Company of Japan and Hexel Company of the United States, while the large-tow carbon fiber market is almost dominated by Fortafil Company, Zoltek Company, Aldila Company of the United States and Germany. Occupied by 4 SGL companies. World-leading companies such as Alcoa, Deutsche Aluminum and Alfa Alcoa dominate the world in the development and production of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy materials. The total output of the three major titanium manufacturers in the United States, including Timet, RMI and Allegen Teledyne, accounts for 90% of the total titanium processing in the United States, and they are the world's major suppliers of aviation-grade titanium materials.

4. Changes in new materials research and development models have become the focus of attention

Since the 21st century, developed countries have gradually realized that traditional materials research methods that rely on intuition and trial and error can no longer keep up with the pace of rapid industrial development, and may even become a bottleneck restricting technological progress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to innovate materials research and development methods and accelerate the process of materials from research and development to application.

For example, the U.S. government's Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) aims to at least double the speed from discovery to application of new materials and reduce the cost by at least half. It aims to develop high-end manufacturing based on advanced materials and continue to maintain its dominance. Advantages in core technology areas.

(3) Product and technology development trends

Breakthroughs in key core technologies of new materials will promote new material products to ultimately achieve multi-functionality, high performance, and intelligent integration, thereby increasing the added value of new material products and improving their overall market competitiveness.

1. High-end metal structural materials

New metal and new materials have always been one of the main materials for the development of new materials in the world. In the future, artificial high-end medical metal materials, new aluminum alloy materials, nickel-titanium smart alloy materials, etc. will become the main development direction of high-end metal structural materials.

First, as the University of Oxford in the UK discovered a new material with extraordinary pressure expansion capabilities - gold zinc cyanide, new optical pressure sensors and artificial muscles will become one of the important development directions of high-end metal structural materials;

Second, with the implementation of Canada's new plan to develop new aluminum alloy technology, in the future it will be focused on transportation facilities such as cars, trucks, trailers, buses, and trains to reduce the weight of transportation facilities and improve transportation efficiency. ;

Third, the nickel-titanium smart alloy material developed by Saarland University in Germany will be widely used in fields such as medical artificial organs, especially the manufacturing of artificial muscles.

2. Carbon nano-semiconductor materials

In recent years, carbon nano-semiconductor materials have gradually shown their substitution potential and are gradually moving towards practical use. The first generation of semiconductor silicon materials still has certain development potential before the physical limit. By changing the structure of materials and devices, such as silicon-on-insulator technology, multi-gate transistor technology and three-dimensional IC technology, silicon-based semiconductors can still develop to a certain extent. maintain the development of Moore's Law.

In addition, the 22nm process based on multi-gate transistor technology has entered the mass production stage, and silicon-based 14nm process products have also entered mass production.

3. Second generation semiconductor III-V semiconductor materials

Currently, it is widely used in the field of high-frequency transistors, but it is still in the research process as a logic circuit transistor material. The actual use of III-V semiconductors in integrated circuits may be realized between 2015 and 2018.

Third-generation semiconductors such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride have been gradually commercialized in the field of power semiconductor devices. However, silicon carbide power devices are currently more expensive and their performance needs to be further optimized.

4. Graphene material

It has been widely applied and researched in the fields of electronic devices, photonic technology, energy, composite materials and other fields. NOVOSELOV, a scientist who won the Nobel Prize for the preparation of graphene, led a team of scientists to predict the application prospects of graphene in 2012 and outlined its future development roadmap. He believed that the electronic and photonics applications of graphene would reach 2015 by 2015. Realization, while some applications will not be realized until 2025-2030.

However, during the development process, issues such as band gap and contact resistance, as well as the preparation of high-quality and low-cost graphene, are still huge challenges.

5. Smart materials

Mainly refers to electronic information materials and optoelectronic materials. Research on smart materials has fundamentally changed some current engineering issues and concepts of safety and reliability testing, and may even lead to epoch-making technological innovations.

The research on smart materials has made many important progresses. Smart materials and related structural systems made by integrating electronic ceramics with sensing, execution and other functions have been applied in luxury cars and household appliances.

2. Development characteristics and trends of domestic new materials industry

(1) Overview of industrial development

1. Rapid growth in industrial scale

my country's new materials industry system has initially taken shape, and the development situation is good. With the promulgation of national-level strategic plans such as the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Strategic Emerging Industries" and the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of New Materials Industry", a good policy environment has been created for the development of the new materials industry.

At present, the scale of my country's new materials industry is about 2 trillion yuan. The new materials industry has a good foundation in traditional fields such as metal materials, textile materials, and chemical materials. The production capacity of rare earth functional materials, advanced energy storage materials, photovoltaic materials, organic silicon, superhard materials, special stainless steel, glass fiber and its composite materials ranks among the top. At the forefront of the world.

The semiconductor lighting industry has formed a relatively complete R&D and industrial system from upstream epitaxial material growth and chip manufacturing, midstream device packaging to downstream integrated applications, with an industry scale of more than 500 billion yuan. The energy-saving glass material industry scale reaches 30 billion yuan; the output of rare earth functional materials accounts for about 80% of the global share; the industrial scale of major functional ceramic component products has grown to 25 billion yuan.

2. Substantial breakthroughs in key technologies

Through the combination of industry, academia and research, the technical indicators of many important new materials have been greatly improved, and research results have been promoted and applied. Large-diameter silicon materials have been continuously improved in terms of control technologies such as defects, geometric parameters, particles, and impurities. 300mm silicon materials can meet the integrated circuit requirements of the 45nm technology node, and 450mm silicon single crystals have been successfully drawn.

After years of development of artificial crystal materials, the research on ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals such as barium metaborate and lithium triborate has reached the international leading level and has been commercialized; the key technical indicators of laser crystals and solar cells have reached the international advanced level, and the cost of photovoltaic power generation has dropped to 1 yuan/kWh) or less.

The positive and negative electrode materials and electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries meet the requirements of small batteries. Key materials such as separators and electrolyte lithium salts are substituted for imports; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber has greatly narrowed the gap with developed countries. T300 grade carbon fiber has achieved stable production, and the single-line production capacity has increased to 1,200t; T700 and T800 grade carbon fiber have achieved batch supply capabilities and have begun to be used in aerospace equipment; developed copper strip and copper tube casting technology with independent intellectual property rights, as well as copper Aluminum composite technology; submarine pipeline steel X65, X70, .

Continuous breakthroughs in key technologies and the increasing variety of new materials have significantly enhanced my country's ability to support high-end metal structural materials, new inorganic non-metallic materials, and high-performance composite materials, and the self-sufficiency level of advanced polymer materials and special metal functional materials has gradually increased.

3. The trend of regional agglomeration is obvious

Actively promote the construction of new material industry bases, strengthen resource integration, regional characteristics gradually emerge, regional agglomeration is obvious, and a spatial pattern of "agglomeration on the eastern coast and characteristic development in the central and western regions" has been initially formed. The Yangtze River Delta has formed a new material industry cluster covering aerospace, new energy, electronic information, new chemical industry and other fields.

The new materials industry in the Pearl River Delta is highly concentrated and has formed a relatively complete industrial chain, with strong advantages in the fields of electronic information materials, modified engineering plastics, and ceramic materials. The Bohai Rim region plays an obvious role in promoting technological innovation, and has great advantages in many fields such as rare earth functional materials, membrane materials, silicon materials, high-tech ceramics, magnetic materials and special fibers.

Inner Mongolia rare earth new materials, Yunnan-Guizhou rare and precious metal new materials, Guangxi non-ferrous metal new materials, Ningbo NdFeB permanent magnet materials, new chemical materials in Guangzhou, Tianjin, Qingdao and other places, Chongqing, Xi'an, Gansu Jinchang, Hunan Changzhutan The aerospace materials, energy materials and major equipment materials in Shaanxi, Baoji, Shandong Weihai and Taiyuan, and the polysilicon material industry in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Luoyang, Henan, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, etc. have also formed their own regional characteristics.

The agglomeration of new materials industries in the Yangtze River Delta region

4. The supporting role is becoming increasingly apparent

The role of new materials in supporting major application demonstration projects has become increasingly apparent, providing important technical support for the development of my country's energy, resources, environment, and information fields. It is an important guarantee for the construction of major projects and the consolidation of national defense and military industries.

Governments at all levels have organized and implemented major application demonstration projects such as energy-saving products to benefit the people, Ten Cities Ten Thousand Lights, Golden Sun, and Internet of Things. By 2030, my country's new energy vehicle market is expected to reach 15 million vehicles. Membrane materials have been applied in seawater desalination, and the production capacity of reverse osmosis seawater desalination has been initially formed, becoming an important part of the water supply security system in my country's coastal areas.

High-performance structural materials represented by new non-ferrous structural materials, high-temperature alloys, carbon fibers and their composite materials are used in major projects such as high-speed railways, large aircraft, manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, ultra-high-voltage power transmission, and deep-sea oil and gas development. Contributed to smooth implementation.

(2) Industry development trends

The transformation and upgrading of traditional materials companies is accelerating. Among my country's materials companies, 80-90% are traditional metal and chemical materials companies. These two types of companies have the largest market shares and are the leading forces in the materials industry. In the next 10 years, the decline in market demand for ordinary products and the demand for high-end products will force these two types of traditional material companies to accelerate technological upgrading and transformation, and their transformation and upgrading speed will be significantly accelerated.

Among them, the development direction of the transformation and upgrading of metal materials enterprises is to vigorously develop special metal materials such as high-purity metals and amorphous alloys, as well as high-quality special materials that can be used in nuclear power, ultra-supercritical thermal power, ocean engineering, automotive engineering, and rail transportation. Steel; the development directions of transformation and upgrading of chemical materials companies are mainly synthetic rubber, engineering plastics, silicone materials and fluorine materials.

1. Gradually develop towards high-end, healthy and green directions

In the next ten years, emerging industrial fields such as high-end equipment, automobile manufacturing, electronic information, new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, new buildings, biomedicine, smart grids, and 3D printing are expected to maintain rapid development trends. Therefore, high-end materials that drive the development of emerging industries are the main direction for the development of my country's new materials industry in the future, mainly including high-quality special steel, high-strength lightweight alloys, high-performance fibers and composite materials, aviation ceramic materials, and aviation-grade 3D printing metal powders. Materials etc.

In addition, as people's demands for health and environmental protection increase, there is an increasing demand for green and healthy materials such as biomedical materials, green and environmentally friendly materials, new building materials and high-performance membrane materials.

2. New materials in the electronic information and lithium battery industries are expected to accelerate growth

With the development of the new generation of information technology industry, the research and development and production of electronic information materials is an important direction for future development. Low-defect 12-inch and above electronic-grade single crystal silicon, ultra-thin 8-inch and above silicon-on-insulator (SOI), wide Bandgap semiconductors and devices, as well as AMOLED organic light-emitting materials and devices, large-size optical fiber preforms, optical films, and special gases for integrated circuits will gradually realize industrial application, and some products will gradually replace imports.

In terms of lithium battery materials, companies in cathode materials, anode materials, conductive pastes, and battery separators are constantly emerging, and core technologies have been gradually successfully developed and industrialized, with huge development potential. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the two fields of electronic information and new materials for the lithium battery industry are expected to achieve accelerated growth.

3. New high-strength lightweight alloy materials may be used on a large scale

High-performance aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and titanium alloys are increasingly used in aerospace, military, automotive, power equipment and other fields. Especially with the development of the automotive industry, the application of high-performance alloys in vehicles is growing rapidly. Its market demand is increasing.

With the high-end and intelligent development of power equipment, aluminum alloy cable technology and products have gradually been well-known and accepted by the market. With its performance advantages, aluminum alloy materials will be increasingly widely used in the power industry. The trend of "replacing copper with aluminum" Related products are also gradually used in wires and cables, transformers, automobile heat exchangers, air conditioning radiators, etc., and their future development is unlimited.

(3) Product and technology development trends

With the breakthrough of my country's new material technology, new material products have to a large extent become intelligent, multi-functional, environmentally friendly, composite, low-cost, long-life and personalized. These products will accelerate the revolutionary progress of the information industry and biotechnology, and can also have an important impact on the manufacturing, service industries and people's lifestyles.

At the same time, the development and application of new materials are more closely linked. According to the needs of the new materials market, the development of new materials should be accelerated, the performance of materials should be improved, and new materials can be quickly put into practical applications and reduce the "waste of performance" of materials. Paying attention to military-civilian integration and exploring the dual-use product market are the trends in the development of new materials. Next-generation radio frequency energy-efficient and high-power devices based on wide bandgap silicon carbide and gallium nitride are about to become high-end electronic products with potential for military-civilian integration.

1. Electronic functional materials

Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", my country's new generation of electronic functional materials has begun to develop low-defect 12-inch and above electronic-grade single crystal silicon, ultra-thin 8-inch and above silicon-on-insulator (SOI), wide bandgap semiconductors and devices based on market demand. , as well as the industrialization and demonstration application of AMOLED organic light-emitting materials and devices, the industrialization of cadmium zinc telluride semiconductor materials and devices for high-energy ray detection, and the gradual implementation of large-scale applications of cadmium zinc telluride crystals in industrial CT and special detectors.

2. Surface functional (nano) materials

Nanotechnology is one of the important basic technologies in the materials industry in the 21st century. At present, my country already has a considerable foundation in the nano-industry. The next 10 years will be a golden period for the development and application of nano-technology, especially in important industries such as optoelectronics, lithium batteries, environmental protection, and construction, where breakthroughs are likely to occur.

The development of nanomaterials focuses on nanocarbon materials (such as carbon nanotubes, nanometer quantum dots), nanoenergy materials, third-generation semiconductor materials such as gallium nitride, nanometal materials such as nanosilver and nanoalumina, nanofunctional composite materials, and Nanobiomedical materials and other fields.

3. Functional glass materials

With the development of the new generation of information technology industry, the research and development and production of functional glass materials have become an important research direction for new materials. At present, my country has made breakthroughs in new TFT display ultra-thin glass substrate materials, high-performance optical fiber preform materials, high-performance special optical fibers, high-performance low-cost graphene powder and high-performance film materials, and has begun to develop new displays, advanced There are demonstration applications in battery and other fields.

4. Advanced carbon materials

The advanced carbon materials industry mainly includes carbon fiber, graphene, graphite anode materials, carbon nanotubes, etc. In terms of carbon fiber, it is expected that in the next 3-5 years, domestic T700 carbon fiber is expected to achieve low-cost, stable production and large-scale market application, while T800 is also expected to begin to be used in domestic high-end equipment.

In terms of graphene, its application in wind power protective coatings and mobile phone touch screens is also advancing steadily, production capacity continues to expand, and explosive growth is about to occur. With the rapid development of the lithium battery industry, the application of graphite anode materials and carbon nanotube conductive slurries in the lithium battery industry will also grow rapidly.

5. High-end metal materials

With the gradual rise of the high-end equipment industry, the materials required for my country's offshore engineering equipment have gradually attracted attention, and we have begun to develop and produce high-strength structural steel with a steel plate thickness greater than 180mm, corrosion-resistant steel for cargo tanks of large oil tankers, thick-walled pipeline steel for deep-sea oil and gas transportation, High-performance aluminum alloy drill pipes and oil casing steels, as well as TA2 and TC4 grade titanium alloy materials, which are urgently needed for ultra-deep wells and low-temperature mining, have been demonstrated and used in ships and offshore engineering equipment.

6. Eco-environmental materials

With the increasing prosperity of the energy conservation and environmental protection industry, ecological and environmental materials represented by new materials for air pollution control have become key materials for the energy conservation and environmental protection industry. Our country has gradually made certain achievements in new materials for air pollution control. Started to develop and produce industrial high-performance PM2.5 filter materials, high-performance denitration materials, flue gas NOx removal materials, etc.

In addition, the "Guidelines for the Development of Key Common Technologies in Industry (2017)" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology clearly stated that deep processing technology of mineral functional materials for industrial wastewater treatment should be developed, including modification and transformation technology of mineral functional materials such as bentonite; increase Technologies such as specific surface area of ​​mineral functional materials and adjustment of surface charge; application technology of mineral functional materials in industrial wastewater treatment.d-bearing role. The fiber strength basically does not decrease at high temperatures and can be maintained close to the melting point of the metal, and its high-temperature performance is much higher than that of the metal matrix. For example, the tungsten wire-reinforced heat-resistant alloy has a high-temperature endurance strength of 207MPa at 1100°C and 100h , while the high-temperature endurance strength of the base alloy is only 48MPa ; another example is graphite fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials, which still have a high-temperature strength of 600MPa at a high temperature of 500°C. , while the strength of the aluminum matrix has dropped below 100MPa at 300°C . Therefore, metal matrix composite materials are used in high-temperature parts such as engines, which can greatly improve engine performance and efficiency. In short, parts made of metal matrix composite materials can be used under higher temperature conditions than metal materials and polymer matrix composite parts.